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Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
The Battle of Bạch Đằng ((ベトナム語:Trận Bạch Đằng), Chữ nôm: 陣白藤) was one of the greatest victories in Vietnamese military history. It was a battle between Đại Việt, commanded by Supreme Commander Trần Hưng Đạo, and the invading army of the Yuan dynasty, commanded by general Omar Khan. It is considered part of the Third Mongol Invasion (1287-88).〔Patricia M. Pelley Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past - Page 185 - 2002 "Presiding over the commemorative ceremony, Tran Huy Lieu began: "Not only did the battle of Bạch Đằng conclude the ... army against the Mongol invaders, it also brought all the Mongol invasions that took place between 1257 and 1288 to an ..."〕 The battle took place at the Bach Dang River, near Ha Long Bay in present-day northern Vietnam. The battle was a tactical masterpiece of the same stature as the other battle at Bach Dang River.
==The plan==
In early 1288, after the evacuation from the capital Thăng Long (present-day Hanoi), Trần Hưng Đạo has known about the miserable situation of the forces of the Yuan dynasty. He is also detected that Omar and Prince Toyan intended to withdraw. Đại Việt's Grand Commander Trần Hưng Đạo decided to launch an offensive against the Mongols on the Bạch Đằng River and immediately set to organize the battle.
Trần Hưng Đạo decided to destroy the Yuan fleet, which fled through the Bạch Đằng River. The Bạch Đằng River ran through Yen Hung district (in Quảng Ninh province) and Thuy Nguyen (in Hai Phong) before reaching the sea. This is where the well-known battle of Ngô Quyền against the Southern Han (Nanhan) took place in 938 A.D, ending. It was from March, Trần Hưng Đạo was already there to prepare the battlefield. He borrowed the same tactic that Ngô Quyền used against the Chinese in 938. He studied the tidal lore, had beds of stakes planted under the water and arranged ambushes in a unified plan of campaign.
Trần Hưng Đạo commanded the Đại Việt's Army to prepare for an ambush on the Bach Dang River, where the invading fleet of the Yuan Mongols will have to go through on the way to retreat. He ordered his soldiers to nail the iron-headed poles under the waters of the Chanh, Kênh and Rút rivers. All three rivers are the northern distributaries of the Bach Dang River. Ghềnh Cốc is a reef located across the Bach Dang to the bottom of Chanh river and to the top of Kênh river. Ghềnh Cốc is used as a place for the ambush, in collaboration with the underwater iron-headed poles. They will block the enemy ships when the tide draw. Đại Việt's small flotilla stationed secrets behind Ghềnh Cốc, Ðồng Cốc, Phong Cốc and on the Khoái, Thái, Gia Ðước, Ðiền Công river. The army arranged in Hung Yen, along the left bank of the river Bach Dang and Tràng Kênh, at the right bank of Bach Dang River and Mount Ðá Vôi.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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